Reading 05: April 20
Chapters 10.1-12.2 (Chapters 10-12)
Translations Due Sunday, April 27 (midnight CST)
Grammar Questions Due Tuesday, April 29 (midnight CST)
| Reading Selections by Group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level | Book | Sections | Title | Questions |
Perseus |
Notes |
Basic |
Enchiridion | "I did not lose it, I gave it back." | ||||
Optional 1 |
Enchiridion | Don't let external Impressions run away with you | ||||
Optional 2 |
Enchiridion | Stop thinking these thoughts | ||||
Optional 3 |
Enchiridion | Begin with the little things | ||||
Advanced 1 |
Scholia | Scholia on Chapter 11 | NA |
NA |
NA |
|
Advanced 2 |
Scholia | Scholia on Chapter 12 | NA |
NA |
NA |
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| Other Aids | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Greek Sentences |
Instructions for sending in translations | ||
Audio File |
An mp3 audio recording(s) using Erasmian pronunciation. |
An mp3 audio recording(s) of the weekly Enchiridion reading using 'Living Koine' pronunciation: | <----Instructions: Right click file name and select "save file as" for Microsoft Windows OS. |
| Greek Text (Pdf file of the reading) | Schenkl's 1916 Text of the weekly reading (Text used by this group and Perseus). A several page pdf file. |
Diglott weekly reading with Greek text and English translation (4x6 index card size pdf file) |
Diglott weekly reading Greek text, English translation and vocabulary (A 8.5 x 11 2 page pdf file.) |
| Notes on the Greek Text | Schweighauser's 1799 Reading 05 (Schenkl's Source ) with Wolf's Latin Translation and notes. A several page pdf file. | Heyne's 1756 Epicteti Enchiridium Graece et Latine Reading 05 with notes and Upton's Latin translation. A several page pdf file. | Thurot's 1903 Reading 05 (French with Greek notes and commentary). A several page pdf file. |
Vocabulary |
A table of the Enchiridion passage 10.1-12.2 word by word with links to the Perseus word form AND the correct lemma and gloss. (Each word has its own number - glosses are from the various published translations) |
Vocabulary of the entire Enchiridion with frequency statistics and glosses | Special vocabulary: a table of the 100+ words that Epictetus uses frequently or in a special sense. |
Chapters 10-12
After reading through these chapters, you will come to the conclusion that Epictetus wants you to start making decisions about the things that happen to you. He has taught you the basics:
- living according to nature is best
- some things are up to you
- some things are not up to you
- some things are in accord with nature, some things are against nature, i.e. unnatural
- you need to evaluate how you think about things, i.e. your IMPRESSIONS
- some ideas you have are incorrect - you need to evaluate them.
What do you need to learn next?
Chapter 10: You need to condition yourself to respond to impressions in a thoughtful, planned and properly evaluated way.,
Chapter 11: You need to know how to deal with loss (i.e. a child, a wife, your homestead).
Chapter 12a: You must give up certain kinds of negative thinking.
Chapter 12b: You need to start with small things first, and then progress to areas of your life that are more troublesome.
The Progression of the Enchiridion
While each chapter of the Enchiridion is an independent section, the way a new Stoic should progress is added chapter by chapter. There is a silent theme that progresses as one reads through the Enchiridion. To get control of your life.... To be balanced and undisturbed..... To reach the state of εὐδαιμονία that is your goal.... All the requisite tools and ideas that are needed by an aspiring Stoic are added chapter by chapter as the Enchiridion progresses. As you read the Enchiridion, you will become aware that you are being led on a journey by a master of his trade, by a teacher that not only believes and practices what he believes, but that is trying as hard as possible to help and teach you what he has discovered in life.
Aids to Reading the Greek
Special Words
The meanings of the LSJ lexicon do not always point out or fit the 'Stoic' use of terms. The words dealing with ethics are listed here. Some of them are 'Stoic specific'; most are not. As the special vocabulary page is being built, a fuller 'special lexicon' will become available to help understand the Greek word. Here are some of the brief glosses.
ἀλλότριος 1 another's ἄλυπος 1 without grief ἀμελέω 1 to have no concern ἀνεξικακία 1 patience ἀπάθεια 1 freedom from emotions ἀπαιτέω 1 to ask back ἀποδίδωμι 4 to give back ἀποθνήσκω 3 to die ἀπόλλυμι 1 to lose ἀταραξία 1 peace of mind ἀφαιρέω 2 to take away ἄφθονος 1 abundance ἄφοβος 1 without fear διατροφή 1 sustenance δίδωμι 2 to give |
δύναμαι 1 to be able to |
καρτερία 1 endurance κρείσσων 1 better κρείττων 1 better λοιδορία 1 abusive, foul language μέλω 1 to concern, be a concern περιγίνομαι 1 to be a result or consequence πονηρός 1 bad προκόπτω 1 to progress προσπίπτω 1 to fall into προσφέρω 1 to bring about συναρπάζω 1 to carry away ταράσσω 2 to disturb ὑπακούω 2 to heed φαντασία 1 an impression χρῆσις 1 a use, way of using |
Corrections to the Text
The Perseus text is the same as Schenkl and remains unchanged. Boter selects many variant readings, they are listed below appropriate text.
Reading 5: Chapters 10.1-12.2
| Reading 5 - Basic Reading | Enchiridion Chapter 11.1 (Chapter 11) | |||||
Apparatus |
Translation |
Answers |
Vocabulary |
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[11.1a] Μηδέποτε ἐπὶ μηδενὸς εἴπῃς ὅτι "ἀπώλεσα αὐτό", ἀλλ᾽ ὅτι "ἀπέδωκα". [11.1b] τὸ παιδίον ἀπέθανεν; ἀπεδόθη. [11.1c] ἡ γυνὴ ἀπέθανεν; ἀπεδόθη. [11.1d] "τὸ χωρίον ἀφῃρέθην." οὐκοῦν καὶ τοῦτο ἀπεδόθη1. [11.1e] "ἀλλὰ κακὸς ὁ ἀφελόμενος." τί δὲ σοὶ μέλει, διὰ τίνος σε ὁ δοὺς ἀπῄτησε; [11.1f] μέχρι δ᾽ ἂν διδῷ2, ὡς ἀλλοτρίου3 αὐτοῦ3 ἐπιμελοῦ, ὡς τοῦ πανδοχείου οἱ παριόντες.
Boter reads 1ἀφῃρέθη. 2δίδωται 3ἀλλοτρίων ἀλλῶν
Basic Questions
Note: If you desire to get THE answer to the question and the answers to the questions suggested by the Greekstudy members, you may either view the appropriate Greekstudy email which includes the answers, or alternately (if you missed the email) send in your answers to the question(s). I'll be glad to email you the suggested answer and the answers sent in by the Greekstudy members.
Q1. Line 11.1a. Μηδέποτε ἐπὶ μηδενὸς. What is your favorite translation for this phrase?
Q2. Line 11.1a. ἀπέδωκα. The word is an aorist (not perfect) from ἀπο-δίδωμι. Several words use -κ- instead of a -σ- in the aorist tense? Can you list the other words that act like this in the aorist (note - they are common words and appear frequently)? Any references in Smyth or other grammars?
Q3. Line 11.1d. "τὸ χωρίον ἀφῃρέθην.". Boter selects the alternative reading ἀφῃρέθη. How does that change the meaning, if any? Is the final nu on θη(ν) just a moveable nu?
Q4. Line 11.1d. οὐκοῦν. How do you translate this word? Most online tools do not list 'particles' as a separate part of speech. Morewood gives a long list. What part of speech is οὐκοῦν - an adverb, conjunction, particle? What ideas does it add to the phrase?
Q5 Line 11.1f. διδῷ. Parse διδῷ. Boter reads δίδωται. Is there any difference in meaning between the two choices?
| Reading 5 - Optional Readings 1,2,3 | Enchiridion Chapters 10.1;12.1-12.2 | |||||
Apparatus |
Translation |
Answers |
Vocabulary |
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Κεφάλαιον ιʹ (Chapter 10)
[10.1a] Ἐφ᾽ ἑκάστου τῶν προσπιπτόντων μέμνησο ἐπιστρέφων ἐπὶ σεαυτὸν ζητεῖν, τίνα δύναμιν ἔχεις πρὸς τὴν χρῆσιν αὐτοῦ. [10.1b] ἐὰν καλὸν ἴδῃς ἢ καλήν, εὑρήσεις δύναμιν πρὸς ταῦτα ἐγκράτειαν· [10.1c] ἐὰν πόνος προσφέρηται, εὑρήσεις καρτερίαν· [10.1d] ἂν λοιδορία, εὑρήσεις ἀνεξικακίαν. [10.1e] καὶ οὕτως ἐθιζόμενόν σε οὐ συναρπάσουσιν αἱ φαντασίαι.
Κεφάλαιον ιβʹ (Chapter 12)
[12.1a] Εἰ προκόψαι θέλεις, ἄφες τοὺς τοιούτους ἐπιλογισμούς. [12.1b] "ἐὰν1 ἀμελήσω τᾶν2 ἐμῶν, οὐχ ἕξω διατροφάς"· [12.1c] "ἐὰν1 μὴ κολάσω τὸν παῖδα, πονηρὸς ἔσται." [12.1d] κρεῖσσον γὰρ [ἐστιν] λιμῷ ἀποθανεῖν ἄλυπον καὶ ἄφοβον γενόμενον ἢ ζῆν ἐν ἀφθόνοις ταρασσόμενον. [12.1e] κρεῖττον4 δὲ τὸν παῖδα κακὸν εἶναι ἢ σὲ κακοδαίμονα.
Boter reads 1 ἂν 2τῶν 3adds ἐστιν 4κρεῖσσον
[12.2a] ἄρξαι τοιγαροῦν ἀπὸ τῶν σμικρῶν. [12.2b] ἐκχεῖται τὸ ἐλάδιον, κλέπτεται τὸ οἰνάριον· ἐπίλεγε ὅτι "τοσούτου πωλεῖται ἀπάθεια, τοσούτου ἀταραξία"· [12.2c] προῖκα δὲ οὐδὲν περιγίνεται. [12.2d] ὅταν δὲ καλῇς τὸν παῖδα, ἐνθυμοῦ, ὅτι δύναται μὴ ὑπακοῦσαι καὶ ὑπακούσας μηδὲν ποιῆσαι ὧν θέλεις· [12.2e] ἀλλ᾽ οὐχ οὕτως ἐστὶν αὐτῷ καλῶς, ἵνα ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνῳ ᾖ τὸ σὲ μὴ ταραχθῆναι.
Optional Questions
Chapter 10 Questions
Q6. Line 10.1a. Ἐφ᾽ ἑκάστου τῶν προσπιπτόντων. A similar phrase, ἐφ᾽ ἑκάστου τῶν ἐμπιπτόντων... is used in 9.1. What is the difference, if any, between the words ἐμπίπτω and προσπίπτω?
Q7 Line 10.1b. ἐγκράτειαν. Is this word and adjective or a noun? If a noun, how is it used, if an adjective, what word(s) does it modify?
Q8 Line 10.1e. οὕτως ἐθιζόμενόν σε. Translate the phrase. The word ἐθιζόμενόν is middle/passive in form. What sense does it have here - active or passive (i.e. is it something one does to himself or something that happens to oneself)?
Chapter 12 Questions
Q9 Line 12.2a. τοιγαροῦν What is the meaning of this particle? How does it differ from οῦν?
Q10. Line 12.1a. ἄφες τοὺς τοιούτους ἐπιλογισμούς. The word τοιούτους refers either to sayings previously said, or to what comes next. What is the term for a prounoun referring to things previously said, and to things about to be said? (Hint: ἀνα- or κατα- are part of the terms; you won't find it in Smyth. The reason for asking this question is that some commentators like to throw these terms around. A helpful tool is Pocket Dictionary for the Study of New Testament Greek - Matthew s. DeMoss - it is a list of linguistive and grammatical terms and is helpful for both classical and koine Greek)
Q11. Line 12.1b. τᾶν. Parse this word. Where did you find it explained? (Note: Boter has an alternate reading).
Q12. Line 12.1d. ἀποθανεῖν....γενόμενον ἢ ζῆν ταρασσόμενον. Is there a reason for the tense of the participles? Could γενόμενον be put into the present tense? Do participles have 'time aspect' when they are used in this way (adverbally)? Any section in Smyth apply here?
Q13. Line 12.1e. τὸν παῖδα. Various translators translate this word differently. Should it be translated as 'son' or 'slave'?
Q14. Line 12.2b. ἐκχεῖται τὸ ἐλάδιον, κλέπτεται τὸ οἰνάριον· How do you translate ἐλάδιον and οἰνάριον? Any significance to the diminutive ending?
Q15. Line 12.2b. τοσούτου πωλεῖται ἀπάθεια, τοσούτου ἀταραξία. Why is τοσούτου in the genitive? Can you find a specific reference in Smyth?
Q16. Line 12.2e. This sentence is terse. Most tranlsators seem to translate the end as 'peace' of mind. Translate this sentence.
| Reading 5 - Advanced Reading 1 | Scholia Chapter 11 | |||||
Text |
Questions |
Notes |
Apparatus |
Answers |
Vocabulary |
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τό δίδωμι λέγεται ἐπὶ πράγματος οὐ κεχρεωστημένου, ἀλλὰ ἁπλῶς παρεχομένου διὰ φιλίαν, ἤ εὐεργεσιαν, ἤ διὰ χρείαν πρὸς καιρόν· οὗον· δίδωμί σοι, ὧν χρήζεις, φίλω ὄντι, ?̓̀ ὑποτεταγμένῳ ὄντι καὶ θεράποντι δίδωμί σοι τόδε· ἤγοὺν, εὐεργετῶν καὶ φιλοτιμούμενος παρέχω σοὶ τόδε. ἤ ἐνδέοντι παρέχω σοι τόδε, ἤγουν δανείζω. τὸ δὲ ἀποδίδωμι ἐπὶ πράγματος λέγεται κεχρεωστημένου, ἤ φύσει· ὡς λέγομεν· ἀποδίδωσιν δ' (?) παῖς τοῖς γεννήσασι τὰ τροφεῖα· ἤ προαιρέσει, ὡς λέγομεν· ἀποδίδωσι τὸ εἰκὸς ὁ φίλος τῷ φίλῳ· ἢ προηγησαμένῃ δόσει, ὡς λέγομεν· ἀποδίδωσιν ὁ δεῖνα τῷ δεῖνι τὰ νομίσματα, ἃ ἐδανείσατο.
γυνὴ ἁπλῶς τὸ θῆλυ λέγεται· ὡς παρὰ Εὐριπίδες· γυνὴ τί δράσω; καὶ παρ' Ὁμήρῳ·
Ἄνδρες κίκλησκον καλλίζωνοί τε γυναῖκεσ. καὶ γυνὴ ἡ σύζυγος. γύναιον δὲ ἐπὶ ἐλέους τίθεται, ἢ ἐπὶ εὐτελείας.
Χωρίον ἡ ἀτείχιστος συνοι?ια τῶν ἀνθρώπων λέγεται· ὡς καὶ παρὰ Πλάτωνι· τὰ γὰρ χωρία ου_δέν με? θέλει διδάσκει. καὶ χωρίον τὸ διάστημα, ὡς δαὶ παρ' Ἀριστοφάνει· -- διεμέτρει τὸ χωρίον.
χώρα δὲ ἅπας ἁπλῶς ὁ τόπος. Ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ ἔνδοσις. οἶον· ὁ δεῖνα οὐκ ἔχει χώραν ἐνταῦθα, ἤγουν ἔνδοσιν εἰς τοῦτον τὸν τόπον.
| Reading 5 - Advanced Reading 2 | Scholia Chapter 12 | |||||
Text |
Questions |
Notes |
Apparatus |
Answers |
Vocabulary |
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Ἰστέον, ὅτι προκοπή, ὡσαύτως καὶ τὸ προκόπτω, ῥῆμα, οὐ μόνον ἐπὶ αὐξήσει καλοῦ λέγεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ κακοῦ· οἷον, ὁ δεῖνα προκππὴν ἔσχε, καὶ, προέκοψε εἰς τόδε τὸ καλόν, ἀλλὰ καὶ, εἰς τόδε τὸ κακόν. Ἁπλῶς δὲ προκοπὴ, ὡσαύτως καὶ τὸ προκόπτω, ῥῆμα, χωρὶς προσθήκης τινὸς καλοῦ ἢ κακοϋ, ἐπὶ καλοῦ τίθενται· ὡς ἐνταῦθα. εἰ προκόψαι θέλεις, ἀντὶ τοῦ· εἰς αὔξησιν τοῦ καλοῦ ἐλθεῖν.
Λογισμὸς ἡ ἐνθύμησις λέγεται· διαλογισμὸς δὲ ὁ πολυπράγμων λογισμός, ἤγουν ὁ ἐξητασμένος δαὶ ἐστηριγμένος τῷ νῷ· ὅθεν καὶ κατὰ τὸν λογισμὸν οὐ κρινόμεθα, κατὰ δὲ τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς κρινόμεθα.
Collected Notes on the text.
The order of the notes may be out of order in relation to the text.
| Section 10.1 Notes | click to expand [−] |
| Section 11.1 Notes | click to expand [−] |
| Section 12.1 Notes | click to expand [−] |
| Section 12.2 Notes | click to expand [−] |
Long. p. 492. commentary note 1. ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνῳ ᾖ... That is, the slave boy would be in a remarkable position, of advatage if his master's peace of mind depended, not upon the master himself, but upon the actions of his slave-boy.
Sentences numbered for sending in the translations
Reading 5: Chapters 10.1-12.2 (Chapters 10-12)
[1001a] Ἐφ᾽ ἑκάστου τῶν προσπιπτόντων μέμνησο ἐπιστρέφων ἐπὶ σεαυτὸν ζητεῖν, τίνα δύναμιν ἔχεις πρὸς τὴν χρῆσιν αὐτοῦ. [1001b] ἐὰν καλὸν ἴδῃς ἢ καλήν, εὑρήσεις δύναμιν πρὸς ταῦτα ἐγκράτειαν·
[1001c] ἐὰν πόνος προσφέρηται, εὑρήσεις καρτερίαν·
[1001d] ἂν λοιδορία, εὑρήσεις ἀνεξικακίαν.
[1001e] καὶ οὕτως ἐθιζόμενόν σε οὐ συναρπάσουσιν αἱ φαντασίαι.
[1101a] Μηδέποτε ἐπὶ μηδενὸς εἴπῃς ὅτι "ἀπώλεσα αὐτό", ἀλλ᾽ ὅτι "ἀπέδωκα".
[1101b] τὸ παιδίον ἀπέθανεν; ἀπεδόθη.
[1101c] ἡ γυνὴ ἀπέθανεν; ἀπεδόθη.
[1101d] "τὸ χωρίον ἀφῃρέθην." οὐκοῦν καὶ τοῦτο ἀπεδόθη.
[1101e] "ἀλλὰ κακὸς ὁ ἀφελόμενος." τί δὲ σοὶ μέλει, διὰ τίνος σε ὁ δοὺς ἀπῄτησε;
[1101f] μέχρι δ᾽ ἂν διδῷ, ὡς ἀλλοτρίου αὐτοῦ ἐπιμελοῦ, ὡς τοῦ πανδοχείου οἱ παριόντες.
[1201a] Εἰ προκόψαι θέλεις, ἄφες τοὺς τοιούτους ἐπιλογισμούς.
[1201b] "ἐὰν ἀμελήσω τᾶν ἐμῶν, οὐχ ἕξω διατροφάς"·
[1201c] "ἐὰν μὴ κολάσω τὸν παῖδα, πονηρὸς ἔσται."
[1201d] κρεῖσσον γὰρ λιμῷ ἀποθανεῖν ἄλυπον καὶ ἄφοβον γενόμενον ἢ ζῆν ἐν ἀφθόνοις ταρασσόμενον.
[1201e] κρεῖττον δὲ τὸν παῖδα κακὸν εἶναι ἢ σὲ κακοδαίμονα.
[1202a] ἄρξαι τοιγαροῦν ἀπὸ τῶν σμικρῶν.
[1202b] ἐκχεῖται τὸ ἐλάδιον, κλέπτεται τὸ οἰνάριον· ἐπίλεγε ὅτι "τοσούτου πωλεῖται ἀπάθεια, τοσούτου ἀταραξία"·
[1202c] προῖκα δὲ οὐδὲν περιγίνεται.
[1202d] ὅταν δὲ καλῇς τὸν παῖδα, ἐνθυμοῦ, ὅτι δύναται μὴ ὑπακοῦσαι καὶ ὑπακούσας μηδὲν ποιῆσαι ὧν θέλεις·
[1202e] ἀλλ᾽ οὐχ οὕτως ἐστὶν αὐτῷ καλῶς, ἵνα ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνῳ ᾖ τὸ σὲ μὴ ταραχθῆναι.
Table of Words
The local gloss is context-specific. The word-link and lemma-link are linked to the Perseus Hopper vocabulary tool. I have gone through the Greek lemma and verified them for accuracy - but there may still be some errors. Many of the definitions have been taken from the following translations: Mattheson, Boter, White, Oldfather and Long. If you have a better suggestion for a word, send in the word number, Greek word and suggested gloss, and I will add it into the vocabulary list.
A note of caution: Perseus does not always work as expected. The links are betacode which works better than sending in Greek Unicode lookups. But sometimes it still will not work. In addition, Perseus is often slow - if you see it cranking and cranking, try later, the server is too busy. An example of unexpected results is as follows: the neuter plural form ἀπαραπόδιστα returns 'not found'; the root lemma ἀπαραπόδιστος brings up its own correct entry. Some words are only listed in the Middle LSJ, not the main LSJ (e.g. οὐδέπω or πανδοκεῖον). So if you look up οὐδέπω in the Archimedes Harvard LSJ or your own personal copy, you won't find it.