Reading 06: April 28
Chapters 13.1-14.2 (Chapters 13 - 14)
Translations Due Sunday, May 04 (midnight CST)
Grammar Questions Due Tuesday, May 6 (midnight CST)
| Reading Selections by Group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level | Book | Sections | Title | Questions |
Perseus |
Notes |
Basic |
Enchiridion | Who is master? Who is slave? | ||||
Optional 1 |
Enchiridion | Nothing is got without a price | ||||
Optional 2 |
Enchiridion | Wish to be free, not a slave | ||||
Advanced 1 |
Discourses | You cannot serve two masters | NA |
NA |
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Advanced 2 |
Paraphrasis Christiana | Who is Master? Who is slave? Wish to be free, not a slave. |
NA |
NA |
NA |
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| Other Aids | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Greek Sentences |
Instructions for sending in translations | ||
Audio File |
An mp3 audio recording(s) using Erasmian pronunciation. |
An mp3 audio recording(s) of the weekly Enchiridion reading using 'Living Koine' pronunciation: | <----Instructions: Right click file name and select "save file as" for Microsoft Windows OS. |
| Greek Text (Pdf file of the reading) | Schenkl's 1916 Text of the weekly reading (Text used by this group and Perseus |
Diglott weekly reading with Greek text and English translation (4x6 index card size pdf file) |
Diglott weekly reading Greek text, English translation and vocabulary (A 8.5 x 11 2 page pdf file.) |
| Notes on the Greek Text | Schweighauser's 1799 Reading 06 (Schenkl's Source ) with Wolf's Latin Translation and notes. | Heyne's 1756 Epicteti Enchiridium Graece et Latine with notes and Upton's Latin translation. | Thurot's 1903 Reading 06 (French with Greek notes and commentary). |
Vocabulary |
A table of the Enchiridion passage 13.1-14.2 word by word with links to the Perseus word form AND the correct lemma. (Each word has its own number) |
Vocabulary of the entire Enchiridion with frequency statistics and glosses | Special vocabulary: a table of the 100+ words that Epictetus uses frequently or in a special sense. |
The Progression of the Enchiridion
Chapters 13 and 14 continue instructing on the topic of 'controlling your desires.' The word 'wish' θέλω occurs about seven times in chapters 13 and 14, along with the word βούλομαι. These two words, along with the phrase ἕνεκα τῶν ἐκτὸς 'regarding external things' showcase the two chapters.
Chapter 13
The phrase τὰ ἐκτός, 'external things' ( also called τὰ ἀπροαίρετα) are those things outside the scope of one's προαίρεσις, comprising all those things that are not in our power, over which we have no absolute control (Seddon, p. 68). τὰ ἐκτός, 'external things', do not include opinion, impulse, desire and aversion (cf. Enchiridion 1.1; Seddon p. 70). The chapter ends with the statement that one cannot persue two opposite goals at the same time. The Advanced Reading 1, Discourses 4.10.25-26, is an expansion on this theme. There are a number of similar New Testament passages that chapter 13 brings to mind.
Chapter 14
Chapter 14 gives examples to illustrate the point of how one can be disappointed by desiring the wrong things. Enchiridion chapter 2.1 introduced the consequences of desiring the wrong things: 'but if you seek to avoid sickness, death, or poverty, you will be miserable.' The examples in chapter 14 are wanting people you love to live forever, and expecting perfection from people around you. The point of chapter 14, is that one should only desire 'a moral character in the right position' (Seddon p. 74). The Paraphrasis Christiana parallel to this chapter is Advanced Reading 2. The topics in this chapter also have parallels in the New Testament.
Paraphrasis Christiana
The Paraphrasis Christiana is an adaptation of the Enchiridion by a mediaeval Christian monk who took great liberties with the text of the Enchiridion. Not only does he correct errors in his text, and changes the names of Zeus to God, etc., but he freely adapts the Enchiridion to his Christian theology. The other two 'Christian adaptations' in Boter's book adhere to the text of the Enchiridion much more closely. The chapter numberings differ from the standard Enchiridion numberings (as do some of the Enchiridion versions, which count each section as a chapter). One of the advanced readings, chapters 18-19 of the Paraphrasis Christian are the parallel sections to Enchiridion chapters 14.1-14.2.
Aids to Reading the Greek
Special Words
The meanings of the LSJ lexicon do not always point out or fit the 'Stoic' use of terms. The words dealing with ethics are listed here. Some of them are 'Stoic specific'; most are not. As the special vocabulary page is being built, a fuller 'special lexicon' will become available to help understand the Greek word. Here are some of the brief glosses.
ἀνάγκη 2 + inf.: it is necessary |
ἐλεύθερος 1 free ἐξουσία 1 power ἐπιμελέομαι 1 to attend to, care for, to be concerned with ἐπίσταμαι 1 to know; δοκεῖν ἐπίστασθαι to appear knowledgeable, a reputation for knowing ἠλίθιος 2 foolish, stupid, silly κακία 2 badness μωρός 1 foolish, stupid ὀρέγω 1 to desire περιποιέω 1 to secure, achieve, obtain προαίρεσις 1 moral character, choice προκόπτω 1 to make progress ὑπομένω 1 submit, be content φεύγω 1 to avoid φυλάσσω 1 to keep secure, to care fore φύσις 1 nature |
Corrections to the Text
The Perseus text is the same as Schenkl; there are no errors. Boter accepts a number of variant readings which are listed below.
Reading 6: Chapters 13.1-14.2
| Reading 1 - Basic Group | Enchiridion Chapter 14.1 | |||||
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Vocabulary |
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[14.1a] Ἐὰν θέλῃς τὰ τέκνα σου καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα καὶ τοὺς φίλους σου1 πάντοτε2 ζῆν, ἠλίθιος εἶ· [14.1b] τὰ γὰρ μὴ ἐπὶ σοὶ θέλεις ἐπὶ σοὶ εἶναι καὶ τὰ ἀλλότρια σὰ εἶναι. [14.2c] οὕτω κἂν τὸν παῖδα θέλῃς μὴ ἁμαρτάνειν, μωρὸς εἶ· [14.1d] θέλεις γὰρ τὴν κακίαν μὴ εἶναι κακίαν, ἀλλ᾽ ἄλλο τι. [14.1e] ἐὰν3 δὲ θέλῃς ὀρεγόμενος μὴ ἀποτυγχάνειν, τοῦτο δύνασαι. [14.1f] τοῦτο οὖν ἄσκει, ὃ δύνασαι.
1Boter omits. 2Boter: πάντως. 3Boter reads ἂν
Basic Questions
Note: If you desire to get THE answer to the question and the answers to the questions suggested by the Greekstudy members, you may either view the appropriate Greekstudy email which includes the answers, or alternately (if you missed the email) send in your answers to the question(s). I'll be glad to email you the suggested answer and the answers sent in by the Greekstudy members.
Q1 What are the words for 'foolish', 'stupid', etc. in chapters 13 and 14. Can you rank them? Can you find any other words Epictetus could have chosen?
Q2 14.1a ἠλίθιος. What is the etymology of this word, any ideas? What book(s) could a person look at to find the etymology?
Q3 14.1a Ἐὰν θέλῃς...πάντοτε ζῆν. Boter reads πάντως. How does that change the meaning of the sentence?
Q4 14.1e θέλῃς ὀρεγόμενος. How do you translate this phrase? How does the participle ὀρεγόμενος fit into the phrase - what type of participle construction is this: substantival, attributive, circumstantial, supplemental etc.? Any reference in Smyth?
Q5 14.1d κακίαν μὴ εἶναι κακίαν. Boter and White translate the word κακία as 'badness'. Do you have any other suggestions? What other words could Epictetus have used?
Q6 14.1ef τοῦτο δύνασαι. τοῦτο οὖν ἄσκει, ὃ δύνασαι. Parse the word δύνασαι. Could δύνασαι be an aorist infinitive or aorist imperative? Translate these two phrases.
| Reading 6 - Optional Reading 1 & 2 | Enchiridion Chapters 13.1 & 14.1 | |||||
Apparatus |
Translation |
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Optional Reading 1
[13.1a] Εἰ προκόψαι θέλεις, ὑπόμεινον ἕνεκα τῶν ἐκτὸς ἀνόητος1 δόξας2 καὶ ἠλίθιος, μηδὲν βούλου δοκεῖν ἐπίστασθαι· [13.1b] κἂν δόξῃς τις εἶναί τισιν, ἀπίστει σεαυτῷ. [13.1c] ἴσθι γὰρ ὅτι οὐ ῥᾴδιον 3 τὴν προαίρεσιν τὴν σεαυτοῦ κατὰ φύσιν ἔχουσαν φυλάξαι καὶ τὰ ἐκτός, ἀλλὰ4 τοῦ ἑτέρου ἐπιμελούμενον τοῦ ἑτέρου ἀμελῆσαι πᾶσα ἀνάγκη.
Boter: ἀνόητος1 reads ἄνους. 2δόξας reads δόξαι. 3inserts καὶ. 4 ἀλλ' ἀνάγκη τοῦ ἑτέρου ἐπιμελούμενον τοῦ ἑτέρου ἀμελῆσαι.
Optional Reading 2
[14.2a] κύριος ἑκάστου ἐστὶν ὁ τῶν ὑπ᾽ ἐκείνου θελομένων ἢ μὴ θελομένων ἔχων τὴν ἐξουσίαν εἰς τὸ περιποιῆσαι ἢ ἀφελέσθαι. [14.2b] ὅστις οὖν ἐλεύθερος εἶναι βούλεται, μήτε θελέτω τι μήτε φευγέτω τι τῶν ἐπ᾽ ἄλλοις· [14.2c] εἰ δὲ μή, δουλεύειν ἀνάγκη.
Optional Questions
Chapter 13.1 Questions
Q7 13.1a ὑπόμεινον...ἀνόητος δόξας καὶ ἠλιθιος. Boter reads ἄνους δόξαι καὶ ἠλίθιος. Parse ὑπόμεινον. What is the best translation for the words ὑπόμεινον δόξας?
Q8 13.1a μηδὲν βούλου δοκεῖν ἐπίστασθαι· How does the word μηδὲν function in this sentence (adverb, direct object) and which of the following three verbs does it modify?
Q9 13.1b δόξῃς. Contract verbs normally form the aorist by lengthening the final vowel of the stem. What are the principle parts of δοκέω? Can you find any other --εω -αω -οω verbs that lose the vowel in the aorist?
Q10 13.1b δόξῃς τις εἶναί τισιν. Translate this phrase. Why is τις in the nominative case, would τινα be the correct form? Can you find a section in Smyth for this behavior.
Q11 13.1b ἀπίστει σεαυτῷ. Why is the word σεαυτῷ in the dative?
Q12 13.1c ῥᾴδιον τὴν προαίρεσιν τὴν σεαυτοῦ κατὰ φύσιν ἔχουσαν φυλάξαι. Translate this phrase. How does ἔχουσαν fit into the phrase - what type of participle construction is this: substantival, attributive, circumstantial, etc.? Any reference in Smyth?
Q13 13.1c ἐπιμελούμενον . Translate the phrase ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἑτέρου ἐπιμελούμενον τοῦ ἑτέρου ἀμελῆσαι πᾶσα ἀνάγκη. Boter selects the reading ἀλλ' ἀνάγκη τοῦ ἑτέρου ἐπιμελούμενον τοῦ ἑτέρου ἀμελῆσαι. How does the participle ἐπιμελούμενον fit into the phrase - what type of participle construction is this: substantival, attributive, circumstantial, etc.? Any reference in Smyth?
Chapter 14.2 Questions
Q14 14.2a ὁ τῶν ὑπ᾽ ἐκείνου θελομένων. To what does the word ἐκείνου refer to? Can you think of a less ambiguous way (in Greek) or different way to state the same idea.
Q15 14.2a περιποιῆσαι ἢ ἀφελέσθαι. Do you think these two words are opposites? Are both words used in their 'normal' sense?
Q16 14.2b μήτε θελέτω τι μήτε φευγέτω τι τῶν ἐπ᾽ ἄλλοις. Translate this phrase. What is the meaning of ἐπὶ? To what does the word ἄλλοις refer?
Q17 14.2c ἀνάγκη. Epictetus uses this word twice in this reading, both with a complementary infinitive (13.1c, 14.2c). How does the word ἀνάγκη differ from δεῖ? Does Schenkl's 'Appendix of Words' show any other constructions? Do the words ἀναγκάζω convey the same ἀναγκαῖος ideas as ἀνάγκη, or has ἀνάγκη developed a special sense?
| Reading 6 - Advanced Reading 1 | Discourses 4.10.25-26 | |||||
Text |
Questions |
Notes |
Apparatus |
Answers |
Vocabulary |
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Discourses 4.10.25.26: One cannot pursue two contrary objectives at the same time
[25] ἔργον ἔργῳ. οὐ δύνασαι καὶ τὰ ἐκτὸς ἔχειν ἐπιμελείας τετυχηκότα καὶ τὸ σαυτοῦ ἡγεμονικόν. εἰ δ᾽ ἐκεῖνα θέλεις, τοῦτο ἄφες: εἰ δὲ μή, οὔτε τοῦτο ἕξεις οὔτ᾽ ἐκεῖνα, περισπώμενος ἐπ᾽ ἀμφότερα. εἰ τοῦτο θέλεις, ἐκεῖνά σε ἀφεῖναι δεῖ. [26] ἐκχεθήσεται τὸ ἔλαιον, ἀπολεῖται τὰ σκευάρια, ἀλλ᾽ ἐγὼ ἀπαθὴς ἔσομαι. ἐμπρησμὸς ἔσται ἐμοῦ μὴ παρόντος καὶ ἀπολεῖται τὰ βιβλία, ἀλλ᾽ ἐγὼ χρήσομαι ταῖς φαντασίαις κατὰ φύσιν. ἀλλ᾽ οὐχ ἕξω φαγεῖν.
You cannot have both external things after bestowing care on them and your own ruling faculty:7 but if you would have those, give up this. If you do not, you will have neither this nor that, while you are drawn in different ways to both.8 The oil will be spilled, the household vessels will perish: (that may be), but I shall be free from passions (tranquil).—There will be a fire when I am not present, and the books will be destroyed: but I shall treat appearances according to nature—Well; but I shall have nothing to eat.
7 “You cannot serve God and Mammon.” Matthew vi. 24. Mrs. Carter.
8 See iv. 2, 5.
| Reading 6 - Advanced Reading 2 | Paraphrasis Christiana 18-19 | |||||
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Questions |
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Chapters 18-19 of the Paraphrasis Christian are the parallel sections to Enchiridion chapters 14.1-14.2. The text diverges from the standard text of Epictetus.
c.18. Ἐὰν τοὺς ἀγαπῶντάς σε καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς καὶ τὰ παιδία θέλῃς πάντοτε ζῆν καὶ εὖ πράττειν, τὰ μὴ ἐπὶ σοὶ ἐπὶ σοὶ θέλεις εἶναι, καὶ ἀνάνκη μὴ οὕτως γινομένων λυπεῖσθαι καὶ αἰτιᾶσθαι τὴν τοῦ παντὸς διοίκησιν. ἐὰν δὲ καὶ τὸν παῖδα θέλῃς μὴ ἁμαρτῆσαι, ἠλίθιόν τι ἐνθυμῇ· θέλεις γὰρ τὴν κακίαν μὴ εἶναι κακίαν, ἀλλ' ἄλλο τι.
c.19 Ἐαν θέλῃς ὀρεγόμενος μὴ ἀποτυγχάνειν, τούτων ἐφίου καὶ τοῦτα θέλε ἃ ἐπὶ σοί.
Collected Notes on the text.
The order of the notes may be out of order in relation to the text.
| Section 0001 Notes | click to expand [−] |
| Section 0002 Notes | click to expand [−] |
| Section 0003 Notes | click to expand [−] |
| Section 0004 Notes | click to expand [−] |
| Section 0005 Notes | click to expand [−] |
Sentences numbered for sending in the translations
Reading 6: Chapters 13.1-14.2
Optional Reading 1
[1301a] Εἰ προκόψαι θέλεις, ὑπόμεινον ἕνεκα τῶν ἐκτὸς ἀνόητος δόξας καὶ ἠλίθιος, μηδὲν βούλου δοκεῖν ἐπίστασθαι·
[1301b] κἂν δόξῃς τις εἶναί τισιν, ἀπίστει σεαυτῷ.
[1301c] ἴσθι γὰρ ὅτι οὐ ῥᾴδιον τὴν προαίρεσιν τὴν σεαυτοῦ κατὰ φύσιν ἔχουσαν φυλάξαι καὶ τὰ ἐκτός, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἑτέρου ἐπιμελούμενον τοῦ ἑτέρου ἀμελῆσαι πᾶσα ἀνάγκη.
Basic Reading
[1401a] Ἐὰν θέλῃς τὰ τέκνα σου καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα καὶ τοὺς φίλους σου πάντοτε ζῆν, ἠλίθιος εἶ·
[1401b] τὰ γὰρ μὴ ἐπὶ σοὶ θέλεις ἐπὶ σοὶ εἶναι καὶ τὰ ἀλλότρια σὰ εἶναι.
[1401c] οὕτω κἂν τὸν παῖδα θέλῃς μὴ ἁμαρτάνειν, μωρὸς εἶ·
[1401d] θέλεις γὰρ τὴν κακίαν μὴ εἶναι κακίαν, ἀλλ᾽ ἄλλο τι.
[1401e] ἐὰν δὲ θέλῃς ὀρεγόμενος μὴ ἀποτυγχάνειν, τοῦτο δύνασαι.
[1401f] τοῦτο οὖν ἄσκει, ὃ δύνασαι.
Optional Reading 2
[1402a] κύριος ἑκάστου ἐστὶν ὁ τῶν ὑπ᾽ ἐκείνου θελομένων ἢ μὴ θελομένων ἔχων τὴν ἐξουσίαν εἰς τὸ περιποιῆσαι ἢ ἀφελέσθαι.
[1402b] ὅστις οὖν ἐλεύθερος εἶναι βούλεται, μήτε θελέτω τι μήτε φευγέτω τι τῶν ἐπ᾽ ἄλλοις·
[1402c] εἰ δὲ μή, δουλεύειν ἀνάγκη.
Table of Words
The local gloss is context-specific. The word-link and lemma-link are linked to the Perseus Hopper vocabulary tool. I have gone through the Greek lemma and verified them for accuracy - but there may still be some errors. Many of the definitions have been taken from the following translations: Mattheson, Boter, White, Oldfather and Long. If you have a better suggestion for a word, send in the word number, Greek word and suggested gloss, and I will add it into the vocabulary list.
A note of caution: Perseus does not always work as expected. The links are betacode which works better than sending in Greek Unicode lookups. But sometimes it still will not work. In addition, Perseus is often slow - if you see it cranking and cranking, try later, the server is too busy. An example of unexpected results is as follows: the neuter plural form ἀπαραπόδιστα returns 'not found'; the root lemma ἀπαραπόδιστος brings up its own correct entry. Some words are only listed in the Middle LSJ, not the main LSJ (e.g. οὐδέπω). So if you look up οὐδέπω in the Archimedes Harvard LSJ or your own personal copy, you won't find it.